Class 8 – Geography Chapter 5 - Natural and Man-made disasters
Tick the correct option:
1. The disasters which happen due to the natural forces are called
(a) Man-made disaster (b) Natural
disaster
(c) Hybrid disaster (d) Hazard
2. Which of the following measures should be taken during an earthquake?
(a) People who are indoors should
come out quickly instead of taking shelter under any
furniture.
(b) People who are outdoors should
move away from buildings, trees, electric poles.
(c) If you are in a car, slow down
& drive to a clear place.
(d) All the above
3. What was the magnitude on Richter Scale of the earthquake that happened in Tohoku, Japan in 2011?
(a) 6.7 (b) 9.0
(c) 5.0 (d) 8.0
4. The Chernobyl Disaster (1986) happened due to
(a) Oil spillage (b) Overflow of river water
(c) Meltdown in a reactor (d)
Leakage of poisonous gas
5. Bhopal Gas Tragedy is an example of which of the following disaster?
(a) Natural disaster (b) Man-made disaster
(c) Hybrid disaster (d) All the above
6. NDM stands for
(a) National Development Ministry (b) Natural Disaster Management
(c)
National Disaster Management (d)
National Disaster Module
7. Which of the following rivers are responsible for causing flood in Assam?
(a) Ganga and its tributaries
(b) Mahanadi River and its tributaries
(c) Brahmaputra and Barak rivers
(d) Narmada River
8. Which of the following disaster is responsible for the following condition
(a) Earthquake (b) Flood
(c) Fire hazard (d) Oil spillage
9. Which of the following plates were responsible for Nepal earthquake on 25th April, 2015?
(a) Pacific Plate & Indian Plate (b) Nazka Plate & Eurasian Plate
(c) Indo- Australian & Eurasian
Plate (d) Eurasian & Pacific
Plate
10. Which one of the following is not a man-made disaster?
(a) Flood (b) Nuclear disaster
(c) Aeroplane crashes (d) Chemical disaster
11. Earthquake due to the construction of dams is an example of
(a) Natural disaster (c) Hybrid disaster
(b) Man-made disaster (d) All the above
12. On 2013, Uttarakhand experienced flash flood due to the melting of ------- glacier.
(a) Siachen (b) Gangotri
(c) Yamunotri (d) Chorabari
13. The word Tsunami means
(a) sea wave (c) harbour wave
(b) seismic wave (d) submarine wave
14. Ritcher scale measures
(a) damages of properties (b) intensity of seismic wave
(c) temperature of earth' interior (d) all the above
Fill in the blanks
1. A disaster is a sudden calamity that may cause displacement of great number of people.
2. Traffic accidents, chemical and industrial accidents and epidemics are man-made disasters.
3. Landslides occur in hilly areas.
4. Natural disasters occur naturally.
5. Kedarnath is in Uttarakhand.
Explain the following
1. Natural disaster
Answer
When disasters occur due to natural forces, they are
called natural disasters, over which man has hardly any control. For
example, earthquakes, floods etc.
2. Man-made disaster
Answer
A man-made disaster is a disaster resulting from human
intent, negligence or error. For example, nuclear disaster, chemical
disaster etc.
3. Hybrid disaster
Answer
Hybrid disasters are the disasters that are linked with both
natural and man-made disasters. For example, drought due to
over-consumption, landslides due to extensive deforestation etc.
Answer the following questions in brief
1. Define a disaster. State any three effects of a disaster.
Answer
A disaster can be defined as a sudden,
accidental event of great magnitude that causes considerable damage to life
and property.
Three effects of disaster are-
1. Loss
of life
2. Loss
of property
3. Displacement
of people affected by the disaster
2. How many types of disasters are there?
Answer
There are three types of disasters-
1. Natural
disasters
2. Man-made
disasters
3. Hybrid
disasters
3. State any three causes of disaster.
Answer
Three causes of disaster are-
1. Rapid
and uncontrolled urbanisation
2. Mismanagement
of natural resources
3. Faulty
infrastructure of buildings
4. State any three effects of earthquakes.
Answer
Three effects of earthquakes are-
1. Tsunamis.
2. Landslides.
3. Loss
of lives and destruction of property.
5. How is a tsunami generated? When did the last tsunami affect India and neighboring areas?
Answer
Tsunamis are generated by a large
impulsive displacement of the sea bed. They can be generated by earthquakes of
the sea floor, landslides under water and volcanic activity.
The last tsunami that occurred in
India was that of 26th December, 2004 on Boxing Day.
6. State any three preventive measures to be taken during floods.
Answer
Three preventive measures to be
taken during floods are-
1. The
area must be evacuated at the first sign of warning.
2. Electrical
appliances must be disconnected to avoid short circuit resulting in fire.
3. Important
and essential items like drinking water, food and flash light must be taken
while going to a shelter.
7. When did the Bhopal Gas Tragedy occur?
Answer
Bhopal Gas tragedy occurred on the
night of 2nd and 3rd December, 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL),
a pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
8. What were the long-term effects of Bhopal Gas Tragedy?
Answer
The long-term effects of Bhopal Gas
Tragedy were-
1. Thousands
of people had succumbed by the morning hours after the leak in the night.
2. More
than 170,000 people were treated at hospitals.
3. The
cause of deaths were choking, reflex organic circulatory collapses and pulmonary
oedema.
4. Findings
during autopsies revealed changes not only in lungs but also cerebral oedema
and tubular necrosis of the kidneys.
5. The
still birth rate increased upto 300% and neonatal mortality rate by 200%.
6. UCCS
laboratory tests in 1989 revealed that the soil and water samples collected
near the factory were toxic to fish. Hence, fish was not considered edible.
7. The
hazardous health concern still continues.
9. State any three causes of hybrid disasters.
Answer
Three causes of hybrid disasters
are-
1. Indiscriminate
cutting down of the forests
2. Rapid
industrialisation
3. Indiscriminate
exploitation of natural resources
10. What is disaster management?
Answer
Disaster Management can be defined
as
-
the organization and management of resources and
responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in
particular, preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact
of disasters.
-
It involves teamwork and cooperation from all
sections of society i.e. from common man to the government to prepare an
efficient plan of action that enables effective efforts to reduce the dangers
caused by the disaster to a minimum.
-
Disaster management broadly encompasses the
management before, during and after a disaster.
-
It simply means planning of various steps to
reduce the aftermath of a disaster, planning effective response system,
planning rehabilitation and also preparing disaster resilient communities.
11. What is NDM? What are its objectives?
Answer
·
NDM stands for National Disaster Management.
·
It is a framework developed by the ministry of
home affairs (MHA) for preparing the communities to counter the adverse effects
of disasters through integration of disaster mitigation into development
planning.
The objectives of NDM include –
-
imparting special training to disaster
management personnel to create public awareness towards disaster management,
training of engineers, architects and masons in safe construction practices
-
Disaster Management has been included as a core
subject in the school curriculum of all educational boards.
12. What was the cause of flash floods in Uttarakhand in June 2013? State any three effects of the same.
Answer
The flash floods in Uttarakhand in
June 2013 were caused due to –
-
heavy rainfall in the state of Uttarakhand and
adjoining areas, which was about 375% more than the benchmark rainfall during a
normal rainfall.
-
This caused the melting of Chorabari glacier at
the height of 3800 metres and erupting of Mandakini river, which led to heavy
floods, near Gobind Ghat, Kedar Dham, Rudraprayag and Uttarakhand.
Three effects of flash floods are-
1. According
to the figures provided by the Uttarakhand Government, 5748 people were
missing.
2. According
to the figures provided by the Uttarakhand Government, about 1000 people were
reported dead.
3. Damage
to bridges and roads left over 70,000 pilgrims to Kedarnath, trapped in various
places. Many of them were rescued by army, Indian air force and the
paramilitary troops.
13. Write a short note on fire safety.
Answer
·
Fire safety is a set of practices intended to
reduce destruction caused by fire.
·
Fire measures include those that are intended to
prevent ignition of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are used to limit the
development and effects of a fire after it starts.
14. How are remote sensing satellites helpful in detecting a natural disaster like Tsunami and earthquake?
Answer
·
Remote sensing satellites orbit the earth at
different altitudes.
·
They gather electromagnetic energy reflected or
scattered back from a part of the earth's atmosphere below the satellite.
·
Satellite remote sensing is a powerful tool and
can clearly reveal the factors causing environmental degradation occurring in
any part of the world.
·
Monitoring emergencies as they happen, keeping
track of a flood, alerting Coast Guard to pollutants in water, detecting
burning fires are some of the important tasks done by remote sensing
satellites.
Give reasons for the following
1.
Disaster is a natural or a man-made event.
Answer
Disaster is a natural or a man-made
event because it can be caused due to any natural phenomena, human activities
or both.
2.
Fire hazards pose threat to life and property.
Answer
Fire hazards pose threat to life
and property as they include all types of live flames, causes of sparks, hot
objects and chemicals that have a potential for ignition, or that can aggravate
a fire to become large and uncontrolled.
3.
Human activities have disastrous consequences
for human beings themselves.
Answer
Human activities have disastrous
consequences for human beings themselves as
-
Human beings have interfered with the natural
environment to a great extent.
-
Moreover, human activities are generally
responsible for causing many hybrid disasters.
4.
Mismanagement of natural resources is the main
cause of natural disasters.
Answer
-
Mismanagement of natural resources is the main
cause of natural disasters as a natural disaster is a disruption in the balance
of the environment.
-
Human activities like over exploitation of
natural resources can also disrupt the balance of the environment.
5.
All over the world the frequency of disasters is
increasing.
Answer
All over the world the frequency of
disasters is increasing as a result of degradation of environment and
changing climate patterns.
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